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      6.65.&nbsp;Util-linux-2.29.1
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        Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0-systemd
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        Chapter&nbsp;6.&nbsp;Installing Basic System Software
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    <div class="wrap" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
      <h1 class="sect1">
        <a id="ch-system-util-linux" name="ch-system-util-linux"></a>6.65.
        Util-linux-2.29.1
      </h1>
      <div class="package" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
        <p>
          The Util-linux package contains miscellaneous utility programs.
          Among them are utilities for handling file systems, consoles,
          partitions, and messages.
        </p>
        <div class="segmentedlist">
          <div class="seglistitem">
            <div class="seg">
              <strong class="segtitle">Approximate build time:</strong>
              <span class="segbody">1.0 SBU</span>
            </div>
            <div class="seg">
              <strong class="segtitle">Required disk space:</strong>
              <span class="segbody">164 MB</span>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="installation" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
        <h2 class="sect2">
          6.65.1. FHS compliance notes
        </h2>
        <p>
          The FHS recommends using the <code class=
          "filename">/var/lib/hwclock</code> directory instead of the usual
          <code class="filename">/etc</code> directory as the location for
          the <code class="filename">adjtime</code> file. First create a
          directory to enable storage for the <span class=
          "command"><strong>hwclock</strong></span> program:
        </p>
        <pre class="userinput">
<kbd class="command">mkdir -pv /var/lib/hwclock</kbd>
</pre>
      </div>
      <div class="installation" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
        <h2 class="sect2">
          6.65.2. Installation of Util-linux
        </h2>
        <p>
          Prepare Util-linux for compilation:
        </p>
        <pre class="userinput">
<kbd class="command">./configure ADJTIME_PATH=/var/lib/hwclock/adjtime   \
            --docdir=/usr/share/doc/util-linux-2.29.1 \
            --disable-chfn-chsh  \
            --disable-login      \
            --disable-nologin    \
            --disable-su         \
            --disable-setpriv    \
            --disable-runuser    \
            --disable-pylibmount \
            --disable-static     \
            --without-python     \
            --enable-libmount-force-mountinfo</kbd>
</pre>
        <p>
          The --disable and --without options prevent warnings about building
          components that require packages not in LFS or are inconsistent
          with programs installed by other packages.
        </p>
        <p>
          Compile the package:
        </p>
        <pre class="userinput">
<kbd class="command">make</kbd>
</pre>
        <p>
          If desired, run the test suite as a non-root user:
        </p>
        <div class="admon warning">
          <img alt="[Warning]" src="../images/warning.png" />
          <h3>
            Warning
          </h3>
          <p>
            Running the test suite as the root user can be harmful to your
            system. To run it, the CONFIG_SCSI_DEBUG option for the kernel
            must be available in the currently running system, and must be
            built as a module. Building it into the kernel will prevent
            booting. For complete coverage, other BLFS packages must be
            installed. If desired, this test can be run after rebooting into
            the completed LFS system and running:
          </p>
          <pre class="userinput">
<kbd class="command">bash tests/run.sh --srcdir=$PWD --builddir=$PWD</kbd>
</pre>
        </div>
        <pre class="userinput">
<kbd class="command">chown -Rv nobody .
su nobody -s /bin/bash -c "PATH=$PATH make -k check"</kbd>
</pre>
        <div class="admon note">
          <img alt="[Note]" src="../images/note.png" />
          <h3>
            Note
          </h3>
          <p>
            One test above, tests/ts/ipcs/limits2, will fail when the host is
            using a recent kernel. The failure can safely be ignored.
          </p>
        </div>
        <p>
          Install the package:
        </p>
        <pre class="userinput">
<kbd class="command">make install</kbd>
</pre>
      </div>
      <div class="content" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
        <h2 class="sect2">
          <a id="contents-utillinux" name="contents-utillinux"></a>6.65.3.
          Contents of Util-linux
        </h2>
        <div class="segmentedlist">
          <div class="seglistitem">
            <div class="seg">
              <strong class="segtitle">Installed programs:</strong>
              <span class="segbody">addpart, agetty, blkdiscard, blkid,
              blockdev, cal, cfdisk, chcpu, chrt, col, colcrt, colrm, column,
              ctrlaltdel, delpart, dmesg, eject, fallocate, fdformat, fdisk,
              findfs, findmnt, flock, fsck, fsck.cramfs, fsck.minix,
              fsfreeze, fstrim, getopt, hexdump, hwclock, i386, ionice,
              ipcmk, ipcrm, ipcs, isosize, kill, last, lastb (link to last),
              ldattach, linux32, linux64, logger, look, losetup, lsblk,
              lscpu, lsipc, lslocks, lslogins, mcookie, mesg, mkfs, mkfs.bfs,
              mkfs.cramfs, mkfs.minix, mkswap, more, mount, mountpoint,
              namei, nsenter, partx, pg, pivot_root, prlimit, raw,
              readprofile, rename, renice, resizepart, rev, rtcwake, script,
              scriptreplay, setarch, setsid, setterm, sfdisk, sulogin,
              swaplabel, swapoff (link to swapon), swapon, switch_root,
              tailf, taskset, ul, umount, uname26, unshare, utmpdump, uuidd,
              uuidgen, wall, wdctl, whereis, wipefs, x86_64, and
              zramctl</span>
            </div>
            <div class="seg">
              <strong class="segtitle">Installed libraries:</strong>
              <span class="segbody">libblkid.so, libfdisk.so, libmount.so,
              libsmartcols.so, and libuuid.so</span>
            </div>
            <div class="seg">
              <strong class="segtitle">Installed directories:</strong>
              <span class="segbody">/usr/include/blkid,
              /usr/include/libfdisk, /usr/include/libmount,
              /usr/include/libsmartcols, /usr/include/uuid,
              /usr/share/doc/util-linux-2.29.1, and /var/lib/hwclock</span>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
        <div class="variablelist">
          <h3>
            Short Descriptions
          </h3>
          <table border="0" class="variablelist">
            <colgroup>
              <col align="left" valign="top" />
              <col />
            </colgroup>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="addpart" name="addpart"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>addpart</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Informs the Linux kernel of new partitions
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="agetty" name="agetty"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>agetty</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Opens a tty port, prompts for a login name, and then
                    invokes the <span class=
                    "command"><strong>login</strong></span> program
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="blkdiscard" name="blkdiscard"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>blkdiscard</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Discards sectors on a device
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="blkid" name="blkid"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>blkid</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    A command line utility to locate and print block device
                    attributes
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="blockdev" name="blockdev"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>blockdev</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Allows users to call block device ioctls from the command
                    line
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="cal" name="cal"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class="command"><strong>cal</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Displays a simple calendar
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="cfdisk" name="cfdisk"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>cfdisk</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Manipulates the partition table of the given device
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="chcpu" name="chcpu"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>chcpu</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Modifies the state of CPUs
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="chrt" name="chrt"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>chrt</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Manipulates real-time attributes of a process
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="col" name="col"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class="command"><strong>col</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Filters out reverse line feeds
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="colcrt" name="colcrt"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>colcrt</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Filters <span class=
                    "command"><strong>nroff</strong></span> output for
                    terminals that lack some capabilities, such as
                    overstriking and half-lines
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="colrm" name="colrm"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>colrm</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Filters out the given columns
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="column" name="column"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>column</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Formats a given file into multiple columns
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="ctrlaltdel" name="ctrlaltdel"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>ctrlaltdel</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Sets the function of the Ctrl+Alt+Del key combination to
                    a hard or a soft reset
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="delpart" name="delpart"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>delpart</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Asks the Linux kernel to remove a partition
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="dmesg" name="dmesg"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>dmesg</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Dumps the kernel boot messages
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="eject" name="eject"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>eject</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Ejects removable media
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="fallocate" name="fallocate"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>fallocate</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Preallocates space to a file
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="fdformat" name="fdformat"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>fdformat</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Low-level formats a floppy disk
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="fdisk" name="fdisk"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>fdisk</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Manipulates the partition table of the given device
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="findfs" name="findfs"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>findfs</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Finds a file system by label or Universally Unique
                    Identifier (UUID)
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="findmnt" name="findmnt"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>findmnt</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Is a command line interface to the libmount library for
                    work with mountinfo, fstab and mtab files
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="flock" name="flock"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>flock</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Acquires a file lock and then executes a command with the
                    lock held
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="fsck" name="fsck"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>fsck</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Is used to check, and optionally repair, file systems
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="fsck.cramfs" name="fsck.cramfs"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>fsck.cramfs</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Performs a consistency check on the Cramfs file system on
                    the given device
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="fsck.minix" name="fsck.minix"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>fsck.minix</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Performs a consistency check on the Minix file system on
                    the given device
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="fsfreeze" name="fsfreeze"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>fsfreeze</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Is a very simple wrapper around FIFREEZE/FITHAW ioctl
                    kernel driver operations
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="fstrim" name="fstrim"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>fstrim</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Discards unused blocks on a mounted filesystem
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="getopt" name="getopt"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>getopt</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Parses options in the given command line
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="hexdump" name="hexdump"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>hexdump</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Dumps the given file in hexadecimal or in another given
                    format
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="hwclock" name="hwclock"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>hwclock</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Reads or sets the system's hardware clock, also called
                    the Real-Time Clock (RTC) or Basic Input-Output System
                    (BIOS) clock
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="i386" name="i386"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>i386</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    A symbolic link to setarch
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="ionice" name="ionice"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>ionice</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Gets or sets the io scheduling class and priority for a
                    program
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="ipcmk" name="ipcmk"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>ipcmk</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Creates various IPC resources
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="ipcrm" name="ipcrm"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>ipcrm</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Removes the given Inter-Process Communication (IPC)
                    resource
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="ipcs" name="ipcs"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>ipcs</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Provides IPC status information
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="isosize" name="isosize"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>isosize</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Reports the size of an iso9660 file system
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="kill" name="kill"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>kill</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Sends signals to processes
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="last" name="last"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>last</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Shows which users last logged in (and out), searching
                    back through the <code class=
                    "filename">/var/log/wtmp</code> file; it also shows
                    system boots, shutdowns, and run-level changes
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="lastb" name="lastb"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>lastb</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Shows the failed login attempts, as logged in
                    <code class="filename">/var/log/btmp</code>
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="ldattach" name="ldattach"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>ldattach</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Attaches a line discipline to a serial line
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="linux32" name="linux32"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>linux32</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    A symbolic link to setarch
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="linux64" name="linux64"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>linux64</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    A symbolic link to setarch
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="logger" name="logger"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>logger</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Enters the given message into the system log
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="look" name="look"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>look</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Displays lines that begin with the given string
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="losetup" name="losetup"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>losetup</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Sets up and controls loop devices
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="lsblk" name="lsblk"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>lsblk</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Lists information about all or selected block devices in
                    a tree-like format
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="lscpu" name="lscpu"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>lscpu</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Prints CPU architecture information
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="lsipc" name="lsipc"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>lsipc</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Prints information on IPC facilities currently employed
                    in the system
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="lslocks" name="lslocks"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>lslocks</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Lists local system locks
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="lslogins" name="lslogins"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>lslogins</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Lists information about users, groups and system accounts
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="mcookie" name="mcookie"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>mcookie</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Generates magic cookies (128-bit random hexadecimal
                    numbers) for <span class=
                    "command"><strong>xauth</strong></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="mesg" name="mesg"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>mesg</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Controls whether other users can send messages to the
                    current user's terminal
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="mkfs" name="mkfs"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>mkfs</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Builds a file system on a device (usually a hard disk
                    partition)
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="mkfs.bfs" name="mkfs.bfs"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>mkfs.bfs</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Creates a Santa Cruz Operations (SCO) bfs file system
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="mkfs.cramfs" name="mkfs.cramfs"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>mkfs.cramfs</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Creates a cramfs file system
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="mkfs.minix" name="mkfs.minix"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>mkfs.minix</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Creates a Minix file system
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="mkswap" name="mkswap"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>mkswap</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Initializes the given device or file to be used as a swap
                    area
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="more" name="more"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>more</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    A filter for paging through text one screen at a time
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="mount" name="mount"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>mount</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Attaches the file system on the given device to a
                    specified directory in the file-system tree
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="mountpoint" name="mountpoint"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>mountpoint</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Checks if the directory is a mountpoint
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="namei" name="namei"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>namei</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Shows the symbolic links in the given pathnames
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="nsenter" name="nsenter"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>nsenter</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Runs a program with namespaces of other processes
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="partx" name="partx"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>partx</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Tells the kernel about the presence and numbering of
                    on-disk partitions
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="pg" name="pg"></a><span class="term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>pg</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Displays a text file one screen full at a time
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="pivot_root" name="pivot_root"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>pivot_root</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Makes the given file system the new root file system of
                    the current process
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="prlimit" name="prlimit"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>prlimit</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Get and set a process' resource limits
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="raw" name="raw"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class="command"><strong>raw</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Bind a Linux raw character device to a block device
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="readprofile" name="readprofile"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>readprofile</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Reads kernel profiling information
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="rename" name="rename"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>rename</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Renames the given files, replacing a given string with
                    another
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="renice" name="renice"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>renice</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Alters the priority of running processes
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="resizepart" name="resizepart"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>resizepart</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Asks the Linux kernel to resize a partition
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="rev" name="rev"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class="command"><strong>rev</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Reverses the lines of a given file
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="rtcwake" name="rtcwake"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>rtcwake</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Used to enter a system sleep state until specified wakeup
                    time
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="script" name="script"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>script</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Makes a typescript of a terminal session
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="scriptreplay" name="scriptreplay"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>scriptreplay</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Plays back typescripts using timing information
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="setarch" name="setarch"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>setarch</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Changes reported architecture in a new program
                    environment and sets personality flags
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="setsid" name="setsid"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>setsid</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Runs the given program in a new session
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="setterm" name="setterm"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>setterm</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Sets terminal attributes
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="sfdisk" name="sfdisk"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>sfdisk</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    A disk partition table manipulator
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="sulogin" name="sulogin"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>sulogin</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Allows <code class="systemitem">root</code> to log in; it
                    is normally invoked by <span class=
                    "command"><strong>init</strong></span> when the system
                    goes into single user mode
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="swaplabel" name="swaplabel"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>swaplabel</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Allows to change swaparea UUID and label
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="swapoff" name="swapoff"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>swapoff</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Disables devices and files for paging and swapping
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="swapon" name="swapon"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>swapon</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Enables devices and files for paging and swapping and
                    lists the devices and files currently in use
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="switch_root" name="switch_root"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>switch_root</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Switches to another filesystem as the root of the mount
                    tree
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="tailf" name="tailf"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>tailf</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Tracks the growth of a log file; displays the last 10
                    lines of a log file, then continues displaying any new
                    entries in the log file as they are created
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="taskset" name="taskset"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>taskset</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Retrieves or sets a process' CPU affinity
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="ul" name="ul"></a><span class="term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>ul</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    A filter for translating underscores into escape
                    sequences indicating underlining for the terminal in use
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="umount" name="umount"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>umount</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Disconnects a file system from the system's file tree
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="uname26" name="uname26"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>uname26</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    A symbolic link to setarch
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="unshare" name="unshare"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>unshare</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Runs a program with some namespaces unshared from parent
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="utmpdump" name="utmpdump"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>utmpdump</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Displays the content of the given login file in a more
                    user-friendly format
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="uuidd" name="uuidd"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>uuidd</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    A daemon used by the UUID library to generate time-based
                    UUIDs in a secure and guranteed-unique fashion
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="uuidgen" name="uuidgen"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>uuidgen</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Creates new UUIDs. Each new UUID can reasonably be
                    considered unique among all UUIDs created, on the local
                    system and on other systems, in the past and in the
                    future
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="wall" name="wall"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>wall</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Displays the contents of a file or, by default, its
                    standard input, on the terminals of all currently logged
                    in users
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="wdctl" name="wdctl"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>wdctl</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Shows hardware watchdog status
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="whereis" name="whereis"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>whereis</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Reports the location of the binary, source, and man page
                    for the given command
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="wipefs" name="wipefs"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>wipefs</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Wipes a filesystem signature from a device
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="x86_64" name="x86_64"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>x86_64</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    A symbolic link to setarch
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="zramctl" name="zramctl"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>zramctl</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    A program to set up and control zram (compressed ram
                    disk) devices
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="libblkid" name="libblkid"></a><span class=
                    "term"><code class="filename">libblkid</code></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Contains routines for device identification and token
                    extraction
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="libfdisk" name="libfdisk"></a><span class=
                    "term"><code class="filename">libfdisk</code></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Contains routines for manipulating partition tables
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="libmount" name="libmount"></a><span class=
                    "term"><code class="filename">libmount</code></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Contains routines for block device mounting and
                    unmounting
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="libsmartcols" name="libsmartcols"></a><span class=
                    "term"><code class="filename">libsmartcols</code></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Contains routines for aiding screen output in tabular
                    form
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="libuuid" name="libuuid"></a><span class=
                    "term"><code class="filename">libuuid</code></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Contains routines for generating unique identifiers for
                    objects that may be accessible beyond the local system
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
        </div>
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